Are Shippers a Value trap?
September 14, 2009
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I don't know the industry well enough to say with any great certainty (and I've been wrong before about a certain company's demise)
But the stories I read about the state of the business suggest to me that it is.
The latest story today is blowing up everywhere on the internet of a giant ghost fleet of unused ships near Singapore.
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/home/moslive/article-1212013/Revealed-The-ghost-fleet-recession.html#ixzz0R3GXkYUy
"...Here, on a sleepy stretch of shoreline at the far end of Asia, is surely the biggest and most secretive gathering of ships in maritime history. Their numbers are equivalent to the entire British and American navies combined; their tonnage is far greater. Container ships, bulk carriers, oil tankers - all should be steaming fully laden between China, Britain, Europe and the US, stocking camera shops, PC Worlds and Argos depots ahead of the retail pandemonium of 2009. But their water has been stolen.
They are a powerful and tangible representation of the hurricanes that have been wrought by the global economic crisis; an iron curtain drawn along the coastline of the southern edge of Malaysia's rural Johor state, 50 miles east of Singapore harbour...
Some experts believe the ratio of container ships sitting idle could rise to 25 per cent within two years in an extraordinary downturn that shipping giant Maersk has called a 'crisis of historic dimensions'. Last month the company reported its first half-year loss in its 105-year history.
Martin Stopford, managing director of Clarksons, London's biggest ship broker, says container shipping has been hit particularly hard: 'In 2006 and 2007 trade was growing at 11 per cent. In 2008 it slowed down by 4.7 per cent. This year we think it might go down by as much as eight per cent. If it costs £7,000 a day to put the ship to sea and if you only get £6,000 a day, than you have got a decision to make.
'Yet at the same time, the supply of container ships is growing. This year, supply could be up by around 12 per cent and demand is down by eight per cent. Twenty per cent spare is a lot of spare of anything - and it's come out of nowhere.' "
An even more interesing story from Spiegel online
http://www.spiegel.de/international/business/0,1518,641513,00.html
"...The new giant ships are now much too big for the cargos they transport by sea, and often they sail half-empty -- if at all. Billions are being spent to expand ports to handle a boom that no longer exists. Leading shipping line operators are on the verge of bankruptcy, as are shipping banks and charter shipping companies. The industry, once one of the biggest beneficiaries of globalization, now threatens to turn into one of its chief casualties...
The invention of the container made such prices possible in the first place. Nothing has advanced globalization more since the mid-1980s than the boom in these steel boxes. China's rise to global economic power would be inconceivable without containers. The more shipping costs declined, the more it made sense for Western companies to outsource production to faraway parts of the world. "Chinese factories rarely have warehouse capacity," says Kühne + Nagel executive Lange. "They often produce directly in the container."....
In the current financial crisis, financially strong shipping companies are fueling the price war even further to gain market share...
None of the world's major shipping companies is currently turning a profit...
A fatal domino effect now threatens to strike the industry. The shipping line operators can no longer pay for their chartered ships, while the owners of the chartered ships and shipping funds can no longer afford to service their debts to the banks. Many of the banks, in turn, are also in trouble...
But the real problems are still ahead for German shipping companies. The 1,550 new ships that were on order in mid-2008 are to be delivered in the next few years. The major Asian shipyards are unwilling to accept cancellations...."
The headline is all you need from this one
Bloomberg: Shipping Rates Seen Falling 50% on China, Fleet Sizebut you can read more about it here
http://www.fundmymutualfund.com/2009/08/bloomberg-shipping-rates-seen-falling.html
Here's some other thoughts I have on the subject.
1) Shipping tends to boom/bust business. The highs and lows tend to be very extreme. To date there have been very few bankruptcies in shipping. That is abnormal for a bust of this size to my understanding. There's good chance they are coming.
2) demand is extremely slack in real world usage of commodities & consumer goods. Furthermore supply is growing in key commodities such as Copper. It's my view most buying in commodities is driven by a two fold process of hedging against the dollar and pure old speculation. Neither one helps shippers
3) in order for shippers to realize their value some of them must go bankrupt (or conversely demand must rise a lot) and that could lead some of the smarter ones to make aggressive mistakes buying weak competitors.
4) many shippers are heavily levered and it's not uncommon for many to use questionable accounting practices
5) Unlike commodities, shipping is tied to actual the consumer's economic well being as such they are as hurt by the downturn as much any other consumer play.
6) according to the speigel article numerous more ships are in the pipeline and are unable to be canceled. This isn't good at all for shipping prices/capacity.
7) the Baltic Dry Index is trending heavily downward again after the Chinese dialed back their lending. So far in 2008-2009 what the BDI does the stock market has mimicked a month or so later.
To me shippers look like they have a very good reason to be this cheap and perhaps ought to get even cheaper unlike some other industries (say like raw commodity producers).
Again I'm no expert, Perhaps they aren't good shorts anymore but I don't think I'd be buyer here. Not yet.